- State versus federal rights
-The growth of abolitionists and the abolition movement
-The election of President Abraham Lincoln
-Social and economical differences
-The controversy between Slave and Non-Slave states
The Union won the war and the Confederacy had to stay a part of the USA and comply with the US law.
January 31, 1965, Congress passed the 13th Amendment that freed all the slaves and making It so that you cannot make someone work for you involuntary.
June 18, 1966-Congress passed the 14th Amendment that said anyone who was born or is a citizen of the US have equal rights and privileges and none off the states can take away it's citizens 'rights, liberties, and property' without the laws jurisdiction.
February 26, 1869-Congress passed the 15th Amendment stating that every American citizen has the right to vote and that the US and any of the states can take away their rights no matter their race, color, or if they if they were a slave or an indentured servant.
1865-1877-The Reconstruction Period in America was the US putting itself back together after the Civil War. During The Civil War, America was torn in two groups The Union(the North) and the Confederacy(the South). After the Union won the Confederacy had to obey the new laws that the Supreme Court passed. The Reconstruction Period was the time in which America was putting the two groups back together to form a "A more perfect union" and to get the South to follow the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
1896-The Supreme Court decided to keep segregation in America. This case in which this decision was made "Plessy v. Ferguson", on the terms "separate but equal"
For around the next 100 or so years from 1865 through the 1960's African-Americans were separated from white Americans. They had different bathrooms, schools, neighborhoods, buses, drinking fountains,and stores among other things. African-Americans were second class throughout Americas southern states. There were spoken and unspoken laws separating colored races and the white races. There was also a line between the races that White Americans did not like to be crossed.
May 17, 1954-The US Supreme Court issued Brown v. Board of Education the desegregation of the Americas' public schools.
May 24, 1955-The Little Rock School Board of Education in Arkansas agreed to the courts commands to gradually integrate their public schools.
December 1955-November 1956-The Montgomery Tennessee Bus Boycott was when 50,000 African-American boycotted public buses in protest to desegregate public transportation in Montgomery. The boycott lasted 381 days, 90% of Africans-American took part in the boycott, and lowered the public bus revenue by 80%. The boycott was a success.
September 1, 1957-Nine students were registered into Central high School in Little Rock, AK and were to start school on Sept. 1st but were unable to, because the governor at the time Gov. Faubus sent the Little Rock National Guard to blockade the African-American students from entering the school. The nine students names were Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson Thomas, Minniejean Brown, Thelma Mothershed, Terrence Roberts, Melba Beals, Carlotta Walls LaNier, and Gloria Ray Karlmark. They were to be known as the Little Rock Nine
September 24, 1957-President Eisenhower on Mayor Woodrow Mann's request sent 101 Airborne Division of the US Army to protect the Little Rock Nine from the protesters/mob of in front Little Rocks Central High School.
September 25, 1957-The Little Rock Nine entered Central High with an armed escort.
May 27, 1958-Earnest Green was the first African-American student to graduate from Central High.
February 1 1960-Four African-Americans college students sat at a segregated Woolworth counter to protest the stores exclusion of African-American. This inspired other important sit-ins.
May 4, 1961-The Freedom Riders left Washington DC on an excursion to New Orleans. The reason of the Freedom Riders and the Freedom Rides was to integrate bus passengers traveling on the inter-state and desegregate bus terminals including the water fountains and restrooms in them.
May 2, 1963-The Children's March took place(D-day). The Children of Birmingham, Alabama marched from Saint Baptist Church to be arrested and to "fill up the jails". Children from ages as young four were a part of the crusade. The children were hosed with water, attacked by dogs, and were overcrowded in the Birmingham jail. The efforts of this movement was to desegregate and change Birmingham's discrimination laws.
Wow. This is very detailed. What about after 1963? I know this is a bit harder to find out because it's more recent, but the struggle for civil rights continues to this day. Remember, it includes the struggle of all people who feel they are not being treated equally under the law, and violations of civil rights go far beyond race.
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